TMS Therapy Side Effects: What You Need to Know

TMS Therapy Side Effects: What You Need to Know

Understanding Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive treatment that uses electromagnetic pulses to stimulate brain cells in specific brain regions, particularly the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for mood regulation. This effective treatment is commonly used for patients with depression, especially those with treatment-resistant depression who have not responded to antidepressant medications or other forms of treatment.

TMS therapy involves an electromagnetic coil placed on the scalp, delivering magnetic stimulation to influence brain activity. Unlike electroconvulsive therapy, TMS does not require anesthesia and has minimal side effects, making it a safe option for individuals with mental health disorders such as major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Common Side Effects of TMS Therapy

TMS therapy is considered a non-invasive treatment method with minimal side effects. However, some potential side effects may occur, particularly during the initial sessions of rTMS treatment.

Mild Headaches

One of the common symptoms of TMS therapy is mild headaches. These are usually caused by the electromagnetic pulses stimulating nerve cells in the motor cortex, which can lead to slight muscle contractions in the scalp. Counter pain relievers like over-the-counter pain medication can help alleviate this mild discomfort.

Scalp Discomfort and Scalp Pain

Patients often report scalp discomfort or scalp pain at the site of the treatment coil. This can feel like tingling, pressure, or mild soreness. Adjusting the pulse strength of the magnetic waves can help reduce patient discomfort.

Lightheadedness

Some individuals may experience lightheadedness after a therapy session. This is typically mild and does not interfere with normal activities. Staying hydrated and resting can help reduce this adverse effect.

Uncommon Side Effects of TMS Therapy

While TMS is generally safe, there are potential risks associated with the treatment. These additional risks are rare but should be considered before starting treatment sessions.

Risk of Seizures

The most serious but rare adverse effect of TMS therapy is the risk of seizures. Patients with a history of epilepsy, seizure disorder, or a family history of seizures should consult their health care provider before starting TMS therapy.

Acute Psychological Changes

Some patients may experience emotional responses, such as mood swings, hypomanic symptoms, or increased OCD symptoms. These negative side effects are rare but should be monitored by a treatment team.

How to Prepare for TMS Treatment

Before undergoing TMS therapy, patients should discuss their medical history with their consulting provider. Individuals with preexisting conditions or those using medical devices, such as deep brain stimulators, cochlear implants, aneurysm coils, metal plates, jaw pain from dental fillings, or cardioverter defibrillators, may not be eligible due to the interaction of electrical stimulation with metal devices.

To prepare for treatment:

• Avoid caffeine before treatment sessions to minimize common side effects like headaches.
• Use proper ear protection, as there may be noise during treatment from the magnetic coils.
• Inform the healthcare provider of any forms of treatment currently in use, including antidepressant treatments.

What to Expect During TMS Sessions

A therapy session typically lasts 30–40 minutes. Patients remain awake while the treatment coil delivers magnetic pulses to the brain regions responsible for mood control. Some individuals may feel facial twitching or slight movements in the facial muscles, but these cognitive side effects are temporary.

Treatment Duration and Frequency of Sessions

A standard treatment plan consists of weeks of treatment, usually five days per week of treatment. Deep TMS may be used for severe depression cases, offering a more intense treatment method.

Post-Treatment Considerations

After each therapy session, some effects on patients may include mild discomfort, facial pain, or neck pain, but these typically subside quickly. Most patients can return to daily activities immediately after treatment sessions.

Safety of TMS Therapy

TMS therapy is an effective depression treatment with an impressive success rate in treating depressive disorder and mental illness. Unlike invasive procedures, TMS does not cause weight gain, systemic side effects, or cognitive function decline, making it an option for depression in individuals who cannot tolerate antidepressant side effects.

Eligibility Criteria for TMS

TMS is recommended for individuals with treatment-resistant depression, bipolar disorder, compulsive disorder, or adolescent depression. However, it is not suitable for pregnant women, patients with implants controlled by electronic devices, or those with brain tumors.

Insurance Coverage and TMS Therapy

Many insurance providers and insurance companies cover TMS for the treatment of depression, especially for individuals who have not responded to standard treatments. Coverage varies, so potential patients should check with their insurance providers.

Making Informed Decisions About TMS Treatment

TMS therapy is a safe option for those seeking an effective treatment for depressive symptoms. While there are some adverse events, including mild side effects, cognitive benefits and improvements in brain health make it a valuable mental health treatment. Consulting a healthcare provider ensures the personalized approach needed for a successful clinical response.